• The SHANTI Act, 2025 allows private companies and Joint Ventures(JV) to build, own, operate, and decommission nuclear power plants under government licensing and regulatory oversight.

Background:
Introduced by: Union Minister of State (MoS) Jitendra Singh, Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), introduced the Sustainable Harnessing and Advancement of Nuclear Energy for Transforming India (SHANTI) Bill, 2025,  after prior approval from the Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi.
Legal Reform: The Bill seeks to replace the Atomic Energy Act, 1962 and the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage (CLND) Act, 2010, and open India’s nuclear power sector to private and foreign participation.
About Atomic Energy Bill, 2025 (SHANTI):
Vision: Seeks to expand India’s nuclear power capacity from about 8.9 gigawatt (GW) to 100 GW by 2047 to support clean energy goals, ensure energy security, and contribute to the net-zero target by 2070.
Activities Reserved for Government: Key functions such as uranium and thorium mining, fuel enrichment, isotopic separation, spent-fuel reprocessing, high-level radioactive waste management, and heavy water production will remain under exclusive central government or state-owned control.
FDI Policy: The Bill permits Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) up to 49% in the nuclear power sector.
Liability Reform: The SHANTI Bill introduces a capacity-based, capped liability regime, removes supplier liability, limits operator penalties to Rs.1 crore, and mandates insurance or financial security up to Rs.1,500 crore per incident.