• The NFAP-25 serves as an important reference for spectrum managers, wireless operators, and telecom equipment manufacturers, formally came into effect on December 30, 2025.

• What? Release of NFAP-25
• Released by: DoT, Ministry of Communications
• Effective From: December 30, 2025
• New Frequency Range: 8.3 kHz to 3000 GHz
• Key Enhancements: 
  • 6,425-7,125 MHz band for IMT;
  • Allocation of Ka, Q, and V bands for satellite-based services;
  • Additional spectrum for IFMC;
  • Supporting emerging technologies like: V2X communication, LEO/MEO satellite services; among others.

• 6,425-7,125 MHz band for IMT;
• Allocation of Ka, Q, and V bands for satellite-based services;
• Additional spectrum for IFMC;
• Supporting emerging technologies like: V2X communication, LEO/MEO satellite services; among others.

About National Frequency Allocation Plan 2025 (NFAP-2025):
Focus: The plan introduces key revisions to support the expansion of 5G, 6G, satellite services, and future communication needs, aligned with global standards.
Frequency Range: This newly released document will allocate radio-frequency spectrum to various radio communication services in the frequency range 8.3 kilohertz (kHz) to 3000 Gigahertz (GHz).
Key Improvements: NFAP-25 has introduced several strategic changes to meet the rising spectrum demand for next-generation technologies such as:

• It has identified 6,425-7,125 megahertz(MHz) band for International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT), expected to enhance mid-band spectrum availability for 5G, 5G Advanced, and future 6G networks.
• Allocation of K-above(Ka)bands(26.5–40 GHz) , Q bands(33–50 GHz), and V bands(40–75 GHz) for satellite-based services that are essential for high-throughput Geo-Stationary Orbit (GSO) satellites and large non-GSO satellite constellations.
• The new document also features additional spectrum for In-Flight and Maritime Connectivity (IFMC), ensuring seamless broadband access in the air and at sea.
• In addition to these, it also supports emerging technologies like: Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication, Low Earth Orbit(LEO)/Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellite services, and expanded broadband connectivity solutions.

Global Spectrum Governance:
The world’s radio spectrum is globally allocated and coordinated by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) with its Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) responsible for managing international radio-frequency spectrum and satellite orbit resources.
Recent Related News:
In October 2025, DoT; the National Communications Academy (NCA); and the GSM Association (GSMA) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) in New Delhi, Delhi, aimed to enhance collaboration in telecom policy, research and capacity building, supporting India’s Digital India vision.